Definition of LD50 or Lethal Dose 50 Test

Definition of LD50 or Lethal Dose 50 Test Updated and edited on May 20, 2016 by Michelle A. Rivera, About.com Animal Rights Expert The LD50 test is one of the most controversial and inhumane experiments endured by laboratory animals. â€Å"LD† stands for â€Å"lethal dose†; the â€Å"50† means that half the animals, or 50 percent of the animals forced to endure testing the product, will die at that dose. LD50 value for a substance will vary according to the species involved. The substance may be administered any number of ways, including orally, topically, intravenously, or through inhalation. The most commonly used species for these tests are rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Substances tested might include household products, drugs or pesticides. These particular animals are popular with animal testing facilities because they are not protected by the Animal Welfare Act which states, in part:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AWA 2143 (A)   Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦for animal care, treatment, and practices in experimental procedures to ensure that animal pain and distress are minimized, including adequate veterinary care with the appropriate use of anesthetic, analgesic, tranquilizing drugs, or euthanasia;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The LD50 test is controversial because the results have limited, if any, significance when applied to humans. Determining the amount of a substance that will kill a mouse has little value to human beings. Also controversial is the number of animals frequently involved in an LD50 trial, which may be 100 or more animals. Organizations such as the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Association, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission, among others, have all spoken out publicly against the use of too many animals in order to reach that 50 percent number. Approximately 60-200 animals are used even though the above organizations have indicated that these same tests could be successfully concluded by using only six to ten animals. The tests involved testing for â€Å",,,toxicity of gases and powders (the inhalation LD50), irritancy and internal poisoning due to skin exposure (the dermal LD50), and toxicity of substances injected directly into anim al tissue or body cavities (the injectable LD50),† according to the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, whose mission it is to end animal testing and supporting alternatives to testing on live animals. The animals used are almost never given anesthesia and suffer tremendous pain during these tests. Because of public outcry and advances in science, the LD50 test has been largely replaced by alternative test measures. In â€Å"Alternatives to Animal Testing, (Issues in Environmental Science and Technology)† a number of contributors* discuss alternatives that have been adopted by laboratories around the world including the Acute Toxic Class method, the Up and Down and Fixed Dose procedures.   According to the National Institute of Heath, the Consumer Product Safety Commission strongly discourages the use of the LD50 test, while the Environmental Protection Agency discourages its use, and, perhaps the most unnerving, the Food and Drug Administration does not require the LD50 test for cosmetic testing. Merchants have used the public outcry to their advantage. Some have added the words â€Å"cruelty free† or some other indication that the company does not use animal testing on their finished product. But beware of these claims because there is no legal definition for these labels. So the manufacturer may not test on animals, but it’s entirely possible that the manufacturers of the ingredients which comprise the product are tested on animals. International trade has also added to the confusion. While many companies have learned to avoid testing on animals as a public relations measure, the more the United States opens trades with other countries, the higher the chance that animal testing will again be part of the manufacture of a product previously deemed cruelty free. For example, Avon, one of the first companies to speak out against animal testing, has begun selling their products to China. China requires some animal testing be done on certain products before being offered to the public. Avon chooses, of course, to sell to China rather than stand on ceremony and stick to their cruelty-free guns. And while these tests may or may not involve LD-50, the fact is that all the laws and regulations that have been so hard fought and won by animal-rights activists over the years wont mean a thing in a world where global trade is the norm.   If you want to live a cruelty-free life and enjoy following a vegan lifestyle, you have to be part detective and research the products you use every day. *R E Hester  (Editor),  R M Harrison  (Editor),  Paul Illing  (Contributor),  Michael Balls  (Contributor),  Robert Combes  (Contributor),  Derek Knight  (Contributor),  Carl Westmoreland  (Contributor) Edited by Michelle A. Rivera, Animal Rights Expert

Learn About the Careers Available to Chemistry Majors

Learn About the Careers Available to Chemistry Majors The career options in chemistry are practically endless. However, your employment options depend on how far you have taken your education. A 2-year degree in chemistry wont get you very far. You could work in some labs washing glassware or assist at a school with lab preparation, but you wouldnt have much advancement potential and you could expect a high level of supervision. A college bachelors degree in chemistry (B.A., B.S.) opens up more opportunities. A four-year college degree can be used to gain admittance to advanced degree programs (e.g., graduate school, medical school, law school). With the bachelors degree, you can get a bench job, which would allow you to run equipment and prepare chemicals. A bachelors degree in chemistry or education (with a lot of chemistry courses) is necessary to teach at the K-12 level. A masters degree in chemistry, chemical engineering, or related field opens up far more options. A terminal degree, such as a Ph.D. or M.D., leaves the field wide open. In the United States, you need at least 18 graduate credit hours to teach at the college level (preferably a Ph.D.). Most scientists who design and supervise their own research programs have terminal degrees. Chemistry is involved with biology and physics, and there are many career options in pure chemistry as well. Careers in Chemistry Heres a look at some of the career options related to chemistry: AgrochemistryAnalytical ChemistryAstrochemistryAtmospheric ChemistryBiochemistryBiotechnologyCatalysisCeramics IndustryChemical Engineering (chemical engineer profile)Chemical Information SpecialistChemical SalesChemical TechnologyChemist (chemist profile)Colloid ScienceConsultingConsumer ProductsEnvironmental ChemistryEnvironmental LawEthnobotanyFood ChemistryForensic ScienceGeochemistryGovernment PolicyHazardous Waste ManagementInorganic ChemistryMaterials ScienceMedicineMetallurgyMilitary SystemsOceanographyOrganic ChemistPaper IndustryPatent LawPerfume ChemistryPetroleum and Natural Gas IndustryPharmaceuticalsPhysical ChemistryPlastics IndustryPolymer IndustryRD ManagementScience WriterSoftware DesignSpace ExplorationSurface ChemistryTeachingTechnical WritingTextile Industry This list isnt complete. You can work chemistry into any industrial, educational, scientific, or governmental field. Chemistry is a very versatile science. Mastery of chemistry is associated with excellent analytical and mathematical skills. Students of chemistry are able to solve problems and think things through. These skills are useful for any job. Also, see 10 Great Careers in Chemistry.

Journal Project (Art and the Unconcious) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journal Project (Art and the Unconcious) - Essay Example The message has a deep meaning and most of the times, it carries a warning for a person who is dreaming. According to Sigmund Freud, dreams are the creation of the unconscious mind and it is through the dreams that the unconscious mind tries to tell the person that there is some important aspect about the life that he is not dealing with (Gamwell, 2000, p.19). Hence, dreams and nightmares are wake up calls from the unconscious asking the human being not to suppress the reality, but to face it by expressing it. I remember a time in my life when I was haunted by a dream sequence regularly. It was a struggling period of my life. I was going through a problem in my personal relationship and was not taking a decision. The relationship was working negatively for me and was causing immense stress and misery in all aspects of my life. Even after suggestions from my friends to get out the relationship, I was somehow avoiding the decision. The nightmares I had were regular. My dream sequence was very confusing and still, very vivid. I dreamt that I was in a deserted building. There was a open lift hanging loosely and to get to the ground floor, I had to get into it and then go down. Also, the lift was little far from the podium. The lift was moving and the lift doors had no handles. But somehow I got into the lift by jumping into it and with lot of efforts, balanced myself. The lift was huge and was moving from left to right. The lift started going to the ground floor. It was going fine but suddenly the lift stopped and started swinging from left to right violently. I was scared and in that moment a pair long hands(kind of a super hero) came in from somewhere and hugged me and the next thing

Balanced Scorecard for Banagas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Balanced Scorecard for Banagas - Essay Example From this report it is clear that  Balanced Scorecard was created in 1992 by Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton. It is a method for measuring a company's activities in terms of its vision and strategies giving managers a comprehensive view of the performance of a business. Generally, Balanced Scorecard can be characterized as a strategic management system that forces managers to focus on the important performance metrics that drive success. It balances a financial perspective with customer, internal process, and learning & growth perspective.As the report highlights Balanced Scorecard from a financial perspective measures reflecting financial performance, for example number of debtors, cash flow or return on investment. The financial performance of an organization is fundamental to its success. It should be noticed that the financial perspective of Balanced Scorecard usually refers to the estimation and evaluation of the figures revealed in the company’s accounts (trying to l ocate the firm’s current performance) as they can analyzed and presented using the common financial analysis practices.  From a Business Process Perspective, Balanced Scorecard measures the reflection of the performance of key business processes, for example the time spent prospecting, number of units that required rework or process cost.  The evaluation of the firm’s strategy and aims – as part of the specific area of Balanced Scorecard analysis and implementation – has to be regarded as a challenging task.

Latin American Religions Essay Example for Free

Latin American Religions Essay What are some major attributes of Latin American Catholicism? Identify and describe at least two distinctions and include how they are distinct from Catholicism elsewhere. The Central American War had changed the priorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America. In the 1980’s, the clergy’s had decided to go against the Catholic Church mainly the Vatican despite the various threats, and began to help the poor which were struggling for their equality and their rights. The Catholic activism was in support of the change; however, it did influence guerilla movements in certain parts of Latin America such as Nicaragua, Salvador, Guatemala. This had introduced moral and spiritual justification. â€Å"Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, a wing of the church surfaced as a powerful ideological force in the struggle to end authoritarian regimes,† (Meade, T., 2010). In what ways have African religions influenced Latin American Catholicism? â€Å"Latinos are comprised of a great conglomeration of ethnicities, traditions, and customs, which are traditionally, expressed by a common language (Spanish) and religion (Catholocism). For instance, Latin American values and traditions received a great influence from Catholicism and indigenous beliefs. Similarly, African traditions also permeated the Latin American culture, especially in the Caribbean region. This unique syncretism between Catholicism, and indigenous and African traditions allowed the survival of folk traditions, which led to the creation of several healing approaches,† (www.egochicagoschools.com, 2012). Should Latin American Catholicism be considered polytheistic? Why or why not? There are various polytheistic religions that are practiced today. Many of the religions today outside of Catholicism believe in more than one God. However, the Catholics believe in one God and one God only. I do think the Catholicism needs to be consistent meaning the Catholicism that is being practices within Latin American needs to be the same everywhere else. Once others start to deviate from Catholicism then it begins to start a new religion and moves away from the beliefs of the Catholicism. Only the Vatican may assess and make changes within the Catholic Religions. How have churches fostered or hindered social changes in Latin America? After the civil war, Latin Americans had turned to other religions. For over 500 years, many Latin Americans were considered loyal to the Catholic religions. However, it quickly turned to be a stronghold to Protestants. In the Liberation area other religions had developed such as Evangelical and Pentecostal. These religions are very different from the Catholicism. These religions speak in tongue, rely on baptism, accept the Holy Spirit, and emotional rituals. With these new religions developing the social changes in Latin America does provide a much broader outlook on their beliefs. There are various groups or community gatherings within the particular religion. Each religion unites and brings together their faith and social aspects within their own community. How has Protestantism spread in Latin America in the past? Is it different than the factors that are promoting the current growth in Protestantism in this region? How and why? The Protestantism had spread in Latin America in the past due to the fact of various discrepancies within the Catholic Religion. For instance, in 1980’s, the Guatemalan’s had begun to change their beliefs and lean more to the Protestants. This was proven in 2005, when a massive amount of members of the Catholic Church had begun to leave the church as rapid growth. The new leading religion was the Pentecostal church. Many of the new religions were still created by using the Catholic religion as their foundation. Reference: A History of Modern Latin America. 1800 to the Present, Meade, T., 2010 http://ego.thechicagoschool.edu/s/843/index.aspx?sid=843gid=3pgid=760

Self-Presentation Essay -- Sociology, Social Evaluation

Self-Presentation by definition is â€Å"the process by which people monitor and control the impressions others form of them in social situations (Leary & Kowalski, 1990). In essence, this is impression management in which we are able to omit, or present aspects of self in order to make a desired impression. Self-presentation through research has shown that it affects athletes in many forms. Research of sources of stress during competition showed that the most frequent source of stress was significant others, competitive anxiety, and social-evaluation and self-presentation. (James, & Collins 1997) The largest stressor reported was stress from a significant other where ninety percent of participants reported that at least one individual caused stress. Another source of stress, self-presentation, was found to be an underlying factor. That many athletes feel the need to meet others expectations, prove their worth, or fear being criticized due to socially determined goals. Stress was shown to either increase the perceived self-presentational importance of the competition, or that the fear of failure or personal performance lowered self-presentational efficacy. Prior research has also shown that athletes may participate in self-presentational process which relate to health-damaging behaviors. These behaviors may contain drug abuse, not wearing proper safety equipment, and failing to seek medical attention when needed. Only limited research has been completed with regard to desired impression and health risk behaviors. Undependable evidence does support that there is such a relationship between risking ones health in order to promote a desired self-impression. Research has also found that athletes find a favorable image with regard to pl... ...r to prevent them. Self-presentation in these interviews has a connection with a singular influence. Both individuals’ behaviors are highly connected with one person, and if this is the case with more people then providing education for coaches, and parents could facilitate healthier self-presentational views. Having the person of influence stress health instead pushing through injuries, and showing the ability to care about the person and not just the performance may take some off the anxiety, and stress off of the athlete. Self-Presentational concerns may also be used in a positive fashion such as stressing the idea being in shape in order to perform to the best of your ability for themselves, teammates, and the coaches. However, it must also be made aware that when injury occurs that practicing through it without making others aware is a negative situation.

Research paper budgeting Essay

The research project is the opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the readings as well as think critically about budgeting and budgeting processes. This is a five to seven page paper (double spaced, 12 point, Times New Roman). You will need a thesis statement, background and supporting information, and a conclusion. The paper is an analysis on your topic choice and may include a mix of theory and practice from one or more government examples. The paper requires at least five sources with citations (APA format) – at least three of which must be â€Å"high-quality academic† sources. (To find appropriate resources, use http://library.nau.edu/research.html – JSTOR and SAGE Journals Online are good options. Your textbooks are also acceptable.) You will be graded on both the quality of the ideas and the quality of your work product. Topics Choices †¢Public budgeting and ethics †¢Innovative and/or new revenue sources for government †¢History and trends of budget expenditures †¢International budgeting models †¢Public engagement in budgeting (outreach to the public, providing information, etc.) †¢Innovation in budgeting models and approaches †¢Public budgeting and the impact on the economy †¢The differences between public budgeting and corporate budgeting practices †¢Evolution of public budgeting in the Internet era †¢The politics and impact of a major budget change (e.g., Social Security, World War II) †¢Public policy implications of public budget constraints †¢Pros/cons of alternative budgeting processes †¢Alternative topic choices must be submitted for approval Presentation You will make a five minute presentation to the class on your research project on the final day of class. You will also be expected to answer a few questions. This presentation must include a one-page outline or summary handout of your comments. Grades will be based on the quality of ideas, handout material and presentation. To receive full credit, presentations must highlight key information about the project, including a broad overview of the topic, important details and significant findings; handout material must be well-crafted with minimal errors; and presentations must be the required length (give or take 30 seconds) and professional with complete thoughts.

My Favorite Heroes

My Favorite Heroes There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are In history, some are my family member who passed away years ago, and some of them are political leaders from history and in the present. I have a lot of reasons why I admire them because they are my favorite heroes, who Inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes Is general Among San who was Burmese revolutionary leader and negotiated with British Empire for Bursa's Independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army In Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy In 1947. The reason why I admire him Is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He sacrificed his life for my country and all the people of Burma. Because of him, Burma received independence in 1947 at the same year of his assassination. He is not only my true hero but he is also a national hero of Burma. I really respect him and love him from the bottom of my he art, present and he is my greatest hero who was in history.My second favorite hero is Among San Sue Sky who is Burmese opposition politician, hairpieces of National League for Democracy in Burma and daughter of general Among San. I have several reasons to say why she is my hero. She is also like her father general Among San who wanted to sacrifice himself to Burmese people. She gives all of her energy and time for fighting democracy for Burma. Moreover, her party, National League for Democracy won general election of Burma in 1990, but unfortunately, Burmese Military Government took over the power of the country and detained her into house arrest for 21 years in Yankton.However, she was never upset about the under failure and fought for democracy for Burma in nonviolent ways. She inspires by the greatest India hero Amah Dam Gandhi who fought for freedom of India in nonviolent ways. She was release from house arrest in 2010. She has an open mind and good personality. She always put f irst priority to her people and country. For example, during house arrested, she was not allowed to go oversea.At that time her husband Michael suffered from final stage of cancer and wanted to see her before he died, unfortunately, Burmese government did not allow him to visit her at Rangoon, but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest In Rangoon. At that time she neglected her feeling and pain and gave herself first priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That Is why she won the Noble Peace Prize In 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world.She Is true hero for Burma because she negotiates with even her enemy and forgives them for the sake of Burmese people. In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes In history and In the present. By Antenatal 8 April,2013 There are a lot of people who I admire most; some of them are in histor y, some are because they are my favorite heroes, who inspire me greatly. Among those people, one of my favorite heroes is general Among San who was independence, fought for freedom of Burma from British colony and was founder of Burmese Army in Burma.He was assassinated by his enemy in 1947. The reason why I admire him is because he got freedom from British colony from British country. He but they gave an option to her to leave the country for good or to still house arrest in priority for Burmese people to fight freedom and democracy for Burma. That is why she won the Noble Peace Prize in 1991 and other several awards by oversea leaders and other nongovernmental organizations around the world. She is true hero for In conclusion, both of them are my favorite and national heroes in history and in

Verbal Aggression Essays - Behaviorism, Aggression, Free Essays

Verbal Aggression Essays - Behaviorism, Aggression, Free Essays Verbal Aggression Verbal aggression is message behavior which attacks a person's self-concept in order to deliver psychological pain.(Infante, 1995) Studies of verbal aggression have focused primarily on children and adolescents in educational and social settings. Very few studies were found to examine verbal aggression in adults in the workplace.(Ebbesen, Duncan, Konecni, 1974) The consequences of verbal aggression in the workplace can lead to social isolation, job related stress, health related problems, as well as problems in career advancement. It therefore should be considered important, for the individual and management, to identify and address the causes of verbal aggression. This program attempts to understand verbal aggression by 1) identifying the various functions of verbal aggression. 2) identifying the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. 3) Avoiding the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. Method Subject The subject, Shirley J., is a 49 year old African American female. Shirley J. has several advanced degrees and is employed as a school psychologist in a metropolitan school district. She is married with two adult children. The subject readily agreed that the target behavior, verbal aggression, is a problem as it interferes with her relationships with others. She was enthusiastic in her desire to reduce, if not eliminate, this behavior. It would seem that self-monitoring for verbal aggression and antecedent control would be valuable as it would allow for consistent avoidance of verbal aggression. As a school psychologist the subject was very familiar with the basic principles of applied behavioral analysis and frequently offered programmatic suggestions. A behavioral contract was developed jointly between the therapist and subject. The contract outlined the target behavior, success criteria, and individual responsibilities of the therapist and subject. (see Appendix A) Apparatus A basic checklist was used to document the frequency of verbal aggression on a daily basis. The checklist was designed to track only the occurrence of the behavior. It was felt by the therapist that the content of the verbally aggressive message would be too open for subjective interpretation and that no meaningful data would be gained from such documentation. In addition the subject made frequent comments of significant success or failure in avoiding verbal aggression for discussion with the therapist. The weekly discussions were used to evaluate the appropriateness of the procedures used and make any necessary adjustments to the program. Procedure For the first two weeks of the program no intervention was applied. Given that the subject self-reported that verbal aggression was a problem it was important to determine if the frequency of the behavior merited intervention. Therefore, the subject documented the daily frequency of verbal aggression. The results of the baseline period revealed a high rate of verbal aggression. (see Appendix B) Given the results of the baseline data as well as the demanding, often stressful, nature of the subjects job, it was mutually agreed that reducing verbal aggression would be the focus of the program. Verbal aggression was defined as cursing, yelling, and screaming at others. The agreed upon goals of the program was to decrease verbal aggression by 75% of baseline for four consecutive weeks. Treatment would consist of identifying and avoiding the antecedent conditions to verbal aggression. Avoidance of the antecedents is considered less restrictive, more proactive, and most effective. During the initial consultation it was determined that the antecedent conditions included, but was not limited to: work stress, time of day, verbal behavior of others (ie. tone of voice, inflection of voice and content of conversation, etc.), and non-verbal behavior of others (ie. facial expression, body posture, eye contact, etc.). In addition, the subject was required to self monitor for the following antecedents: clenched fists, tight jaw, rapid heart beat, and the emotions of anger, frustration and disappointment. Lastly, it was suggested by Infante (1995) that appropriate strategy must be taken to prevent verbal aggression from escalating. Successful avoidance of the antecedent conditions consisted of removing oneself from stressful situations, when possible, as well as not responding verbally when provoked. Weekly consultation revealed that verbal aggression was most often used to: 1) Escape demand situations. 2) Avoid demand situations. 3) Relieve job stress. The subject was to document the frequency of verbal aggression and record the circumstances of significant success or failure during the work week for discussion at weekly consultation sessions. A schedule of

Where in the U.S. Can Nurses Find the Most Opportunities

Where in the U.S. Can Nurses Find the Most Opportunities Logistically, every state needs Nurses. But where are Nurses in higher demand? Where you work can ultimately shape your career path so it’s important that you choose the right location. Naturally, big cities like New York are a no brainer when it comes to Nursing opportunities. But if you’re someone who prefers a quieter city or town, then this list has plenty of options for you to consider.

The Commission proposes, the Council decides, the Court interprets Essay

The Commission proposes, the Council decides, the Court interprets - Essay Example Emphasis will be on the functions of the Commission, EU Council, EU Parliament, etc. and the legislative procedures. The relevance will be the application of law in practice in the Member States and it is an important topic to be discussed as it directly refers to the topic. This section will discuss the beginning of the Merger Regulation Policy and how it came about which will continue to explain the law that influence mergers and also different aspects of soft law practiced in respective states and its inclusion into the statutory status. The extent of the application, which influenced in the making of statutory law in respect of soft law practiced in EU Member States is focussed on. Numerous instances have been cited in this regard. Finer aspects of the soft law and how it is applied to different communities and also to different groups in a community is discussed. How can one define law The definition may differ from person to person, but we can all agree that it is one or more of the following: A set of rules that governs or binds a community, law is a means of resolution of disputes or conflicts, or a/the way of punishing offenders. A more general definition can be: Law regulates the behaviour of members of the society. So in simple terms, how does the law work The answer could be in three steps: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Within a sovereign state the law is above all, and the function of the state is within that law. However, when it comes to a 'community' of different states coming together under one flag because of a common vision and mutual understanding for the purpose of furthering better understanding and friendship, developing and strengthening economic ties among the nations requires a separate mechanism or a governing system to ensure the smooth operation of such a 'union'. Clashes of opinions are inevitable in an effor t of this magnitude. The more common would be to uphold their ethnic regulatory norms in members states. In order to safeguard the supreme public power within a sovereign state, each nation must give consent and contribute to create a new rule of law for the smooth functioning of a common 'state'. Thus, how the EU has come about. As there are always loopholes and gaps in law, there is the need to amend existing laws and introduce new laws. So how does the EU work and what is its decision making process The European Union involves a number of institutions when making decisions, namely the European Commission, European Parliament and the European Union Council. 1 The statement "The Commission proposes, the Council" defines in short the process or steps that involves when taking decisions. It is the EC that 'proposes' new legislation, however it is the Parliament and the

APPLYING MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES IN THE WORKPLACE Assignment

APPLYING MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES IN THE WORKPLACE - Assignment Example (Gawel, 1997). Individuals working within an organization have different needs and desires which need to be fulfilled in a manner that not only achieve the organizational objective of improved employee performance but also motivate them to continue to perform. Such efforts therefore require that there must be a constant effort by the organization to continue to motivate their employees through different ways and means including compensating them adequately for their work. (Mullins, 1985). Employee motivation however, may not only be associated with explicit rewarding of the employees through monetary benefits but an inspirational motivation can be the source of implicit motivation for the employees. In order to achieve this implicit motivation, inspirational leadership therefore shall be instrumental in achieving such results. It is argued that commitment towards work is a voluntary act and as such organization despite providing all the environment and necessary tools to perform may not be able to get the desired level of commitment from its employees.(Rabey,2001). This case study may also be attributed to this fact of not achieving the desired behavior from an employee despite the fact that voluntary commitment is there from the employee. What is therefore important to understand here is the fact that absence of motivation can often lead to the behaviors which may not be entirely in favor of the organization. Employee motivation and participation is often considered as following the crescendo effect in career motivation because with the passage of time, employees, if given the proper motivation through equitable reward and compensation, promotions etc, can quicken the pace of their commitment towards work.(King,1997). However, in order to achieve such motivation employers have to set up a just and equitable motivational system