Romeo And Juliet -Thesis

A. INTRODUCTIONWilliam Shakespeare, an English playwright, was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called â€Å"England’s National Poet†. Shakespeare’s early classical works include greatest comedies such as â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, â€Å"Merchant of Venice† and â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing†. Shakespeare also wrote three tragedies namely â€Å"Macbeth†, â€Å"Julius Caesar† and the very famous romantic tragedy, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy about two young star-crossed lovers whose death ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among William Shakespeare’s most popular plays during his lifetime and was one of the most frequently performed plays.This thesis aims to prove that Romeo and Juliet is Shakespeare’s most famous work among high school students of St. Joseph School of Fairview. The story is so popular that until today, with its many adaptations, it is still the most performed plays especially by the students. The story itself is so popular that many teenagers can relate with their own life story as this kind of love story do exists at present time.B. THESIS STATEMENTâ€Å"Romeo and Juliet is the most famous play of William Shakespeare among high school students of St. Joseph School of Fairview.†C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYOur thesis will not only tell you the story of Romeo and Juliet but will let you know and realize why we say that Romeo and Juliet is the most popular story that William Shakespeare has ever written.The objective of this research is to encourage the young generation today to read and appreciate the story of Romeo and Juliet for them not to be involved in the same situation, but to educate them with the pros and cons of being in love.D. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThe scope of this research are the High school students of St. Jos eph School of Fairview. The limitations of this research

Nat King Cole

David Chen MUEL 2752 Dr. Daniel Jones Pre-Rock Era Project: Nat King Cole There is no questioning Nat King Cole’s place as one of the most influential and important American popular musicians in history. Although he was initially known as an innovative and skilled jazz pianist, his singing allowed him to become highly successful in the realm of popular music, more specifically in the big band and jazz genres. Nathaniel Adams Coles was born in Montgomery, Alabama on March 17, 1919 (Ruhlmann par. 3). His family moved to Chicago in 1921, where he began to play the piano at age four and took classical lessons at age 12 (Ruhlmann par. ). When he was 15, Cole dropped out of high school in order to pursue a career as a jazz pianist (Ruhlmann par. 4). In 1937, Cole formed the King Cole Trio and began doing live performances and occasional recordings for small labels as well as some radio work. After releasing successful singles such as â€Å"That Ain’t Right† and â€Å" All for You,† the King Cole Trio was signed by Capitol Records in 1942 (Teachout par. 15). Cole began to utilize his voice increasingly, and critics began to notice the King Cole Trio’s increasing tendency to emphasize popular music as early as 1945 (Teachout par. 0). In 1951, Cole officially disbanded the King Cole Trio and continued his successful career as more of a standup singer than as a pianist (Teachout par. 25). Cole continues to sell great quantities of music today. However, despite his popularity, Cole has often been the subject of criticism. Many criticize Nat King Cole for compromising his artistic integrity as a jazz musician in order to achieve commercial success. Some even consider his increasing popularity and shifting musical style to be â€Å"betrayal† (Ruhlmann par. 1). One article from NPR music argues that Cole’s â€Å"singing clearly betrayed his jazz sensibilities,† while another even goes as far as to call Cole a â€Å"failed jazzman† (NPR par. 5, Teachout par. 5). Contrary to these critics, Nat King Cole’s transition from pure jazz into popular music only added to his greatness as a musician and as a prominent public figure. Cole still must be considered one of the most important and influential jazz musicians in American music history, and his conversion from pure jazz to the commercial realm of music in fact allowed him to break important racial oundaries in the world of popular culture. Despite accusations that his transition into popular music weakened his integrity as a musician and an artist, Nat King Cole left an indelible mark upon both jazz and popular music during his lifetime. Gunther Schuller, author of The Swing Era, remarks that Cole was â€Å"not only one of the most outstanding jazz pianists of his day but stylistically one of the most advanced† (Teachout par. 4). Many important jazz pianists were influenced by the piano playing of Cole, including Bill Evans, Oscar Peterson, and Hank Jones (Teachout par. 4). It is clear that while Cole is often known only as a popular singer, jazz musicians appreciate his tremendous skill and artistry as a jazz pianist. Nat King Cole’s influence upon jazz did not stop at his playing and improvisational skills. When invited to play at a Hollywood nightclub called the Swannee Inn, Cole decided not to use a drummer (Teachout par. 14). Inadvertently, Cole had utilized the â€Å"jazz trio†, a lineup that consisted only of a piano, guitar and bass. While Cole was not the first to use this setup, jazz experts often argue that he was the first to fully grasp the musical possibilities of this unique instrumentation. According to Terry Teachout of American Scholar, most pianists in groups without drummers tended to overplay in order to fill the musical space and provide additional rhythm; Cole, however, simplified his playing and created a new type of jazz sound (Teachout par. 15, HOWZE par. 6). The King Cole Trio’s lineup was emulated by numerous musicians, including Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson, Ahmad Jamal, Charles Brown, and Ray Charles, and, some assert, helped lead the way in small band jazz (Ruhlmann par. ). Cole explored entirely new territory in jazz, surpassing the influence of other popular musicians of his time. Rather than staying within the confines of jazz as the world knew it, Cole actually created new styles and novel ways of using old instruments, thus furthering the development of jazz as an art form. Nat King Cole’s conversion from pure jazz into popular music, while despised by some, actually increased his significance in popular culture and music. Cole’s status as a popular singer in fact allowed him to reach audiences and to break boundaries he could never have broken as a pure jazz musician. Starting in the 1930s, Cole’s piano style and jazz instrumentation defined the jazz-piano trio; however, it was not until he began to sing that he became a â€Å"consummate and world-famous entertainer† (HOWZE par. 1). Connaitre Miller, a fine arts professor at Howard University, notes that Cole was the first jazz singer promoted on television (Foster par. 6). It was mainly Cole’s popularity as a singer, and not as a jazz musician, that allowed him to be featured on television. If Cole had remained within the confines of instrumental jazz, he may have silenced jazz critics who accuse him of betraying jazz, but he also would not have been able to spread his jazz-influenced singing to such a wide audience as the one afforded him by his television appearances. Nat King Cole’s popularity as a jazz singer even allowed him to challenge racial boundaries of his time. The King Cole Trio was, according to Terry Teachout, about as popular as a black unit could be within the confines of jazz and show business, and â€Å"[broke] through the concrete ceiling that kept most black musical acts from reaching the highest peaks of celebrity† (Teachout par. 14). On November 5, 1956, The Nat King Cole Show debuted on NBC and became the first of its kind hosted by an African-American (Noble). On one notable occasion, Nat Cole was not allowed to stay at certain hotels or visit certain casinos in Las Vegas. Eventually, Cole sought legal action against those hotels and clubs, using his celebrity status to challenge Las Vegas’s intolerant system (HOWZE par. 6). While Cole’s status as a pure jazz musician may have been jeopardized by his transition into popular music, this very transition allowed him to effectively attack significant racial issues, an undertaking he could not have dreamed of as a jazz musician with a much smaller following. Nat King Cole may be the perfect example of an artist turned popular entertainer. As a jazz musician, Cole was almost unparalleled. Nat King Cole was certainly considered by jazz fans, musicians, and critics to be a leading jazz pianist, and often played in respected jazz venues such as the first Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts (Murph par. 8). Furthermore, Cole all but pioneered the â€Å"jazz trio,† a lineup that was highly emulated and influential in the development of jazz, proving that he was not only a highly skilled and respected jazz musician, but also an innovative and original one. Later, as a popular singer, he gained a tremendous monetary and commercial success as well as a massive audience. Even though he lost the respect of certain jazz purists, he gained much more influence upon pop culture, and using this influence, Cole popularized and cemented jazz’s influence on popular music while even addressing racial boundaries of his time. These accomplishments would have been much more difficult, or even impossible, to achieve if Cole had remained a pure jazz musician. In this sense, studying the career of Nat King Cole may yield important insights pertaining to the boundary between classical and popular music. As a purely classical musician, a musician such as Nat King Cole may be much more respected within followers of that particular musical genre; however, throughout history, musical figures who have crossed the line between classical, artistic music and popular music are much more memorable than those who do not. By entering popular culture, musicians are much more likely to have the ability to affect significant issues of the time. For example, Bono of U2 or Angelina Jolie possess a relatively great sphere of influence when it comes to political causes. If neither were as engrained in popular culture as they are, it would be safe to say that they would not bring as much attention to the issues they care about. By gaining popularity, prominent figures also gain influence within popular culture and maybe even on the course of history. Although sometimes criticized by jazz purists, Nat King Cole’s commercial success in fact allowed him to affect American popular culture in unprecedented ways and secured his status as one of the most important musicians of his time. Works Cited Foster, Shivonne. â€Å"Cole’s Memory, Legacy is Unforgettable. † The Hilltop (2007). March 2010 < http://www. thehilltoponline. com> Howze, Margaret â€Å"Jazz Profiles from NPR: Nat ‘King’ Cole: the Pianist. † NPR 2010. 9 March 2010 http://www. npr. org/programs/jazzprofiles Murph, John. â€Å"Nat King Cole: Getting their Kicks. † Jazz TimesMay 2009. 9 March 2010 http://jazztimes. com Noble, Amy. â€Å"The Story of Nat King Cole. † March 1998. 9 March 2010 http://members. pcug. org. au Ruhlmann, William. â€Å"Nat King Cole. † All Music Guide 9 March 2010 http://www. pandora. com Teachout, Terry. â€Å"Nat King Cole. † American Scholar 61. 3 (1992): 437-443. 6 March 2010 http://web. ebscohost. com/

History of African American Music Essay

The history of African American music has been characterized by a mixture among various forms of music. Country blues, urban blues, New Orleans Jazz, Bebop, big-band jazz, and rhythm and blues, have all influenced each other profoundly. These influences flowed back and forth among the various forms. But, black gospel music had only a very limited effect on popular styles, until a few church-trained artists, such as Sam Cooke and Ray Charles, began to incorporate gospel styling into their popular work. The result is usually described as â€Å"soul music,† a mix of blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel voices. But, if Ray Charles was one of the â€Å"originators† of soul music, â€Å"Aretha Franklin reshaped it,† by bringing even more of her gospel background to bear on secular love songs (Wade and Picardie 27). By combining popular elements with her stunning voice, her great musicianship, and the feeling for a song that she learned in church, Aretha became one of the greatest soul singers to ever live. Aretha Franklin is a well-known pop, R&B, and gospel singer. She has been nicknamed â€Å"The Queen of Soul† and is an internationally known artist and a symbol of pride in the African American community. Her popularity soared in 1967 when she released an album containing songs â€Å"I Never Loved a Man†, â€Å"Respect†, and â€Å"Baby I Love You. † Throughout her career she has achieved fifteen Grammy Awards, Lifetime Achievement Award, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Legend Awards, and many Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. In 1987 she became the first woman inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Time magazine chose her as one of the most influential artists and entertainers of the 20th century. She sang at Dr. Martin Luther King’s funeral and at former President Bill Clinton’s inaugural party. Although she has all these accomplishments and awards there are other reasons that have driven Franklin to fame and landed her on the front cover of Time magazine on June 28, 1968. The reasons I believe allowed Aretha Franklin to become so successful are the following: Her family’s involvement with religion, the inspiring people that surrounded her, and the pain she suffered. It is clear that because her family’s involvement with religion would be one reason why Aretha Franklin became as famous as a Gospel singer. Some people would say that her love for religion is unbelievable, but after researching her childhood it is very believable. Her father, Reverend Clarence LaVaugh Franklin lived in Shelby Mississippi and preached while living the life of a sharecropper. As soon as he had enough money, he would move to Memphis, Tennessee to become a pastor of two churches. After a couple of years he attended LeMoyne College, and he studied Education and English Literature. With his education he was able to bring a more liberal view to his preaching’s. Then he moved the family to Buffalo, New York. When he had the resources, he moved the family again to Detroit, Michigan were he settled and became a pastor of a churched called New Bethel Baptist Church. He quickly became one of the most famous pastors in the city of Detroit. Aretha was two years old when they made their final move, she would grow up here and grab the emotion of Church and incorporate it into her music. Aretha Franklin’s mom, Barbara V. Skaggers, served as choir director and pianist. Aretha describes her mom as â€Å"a Superb singer, her voice was clear and distinctive†. (Franklin and Ritz, 6) Her parents taught her how to sing with great pride. This was a big issue because the late ‘50s, early ‘60s was a time of turmoil for African Americans. Her father especially tried to instill pride into her. He was a Civil Rights activist and he was a close colleague with Dr. Martin Luther King. With her parents keeping her involved in Church she was bound to become one of the world’s greatest singers. At around age 12, the father recognized Aretha’s talent as a singer. So he took her on the road with his traveling gospel show. This was important because it shows the kind of support Aretha received from her family. It was said, â€Å"She was a spellbinding performer at the age of fourteen. † (Franklin, 3) So her family really supported and inspired her to become a gospel singer. What also made her a great artist was that she had inspiring people all around her. Aretha grew up in Detroit which at the time was a rousing city or a city of hope for the African Americans running away from the brutality of the South. Though Detroit still had its problems such as race riots, many famous musicians grew up there. Also since New Bethel Baptist Church was so prominent, many musicians and political leaders used Reverend Franklin’s pulpit as a platform to sing or speak to the Black’s of Detroit. Aretha was introduced to classical music by Smokey Robinson’s sister Sylvia Burston. She listened to well known local DJ’s like Ruth Brown and Senator Brystal Brown. When Aretha was younger, she would ride her bike to the local park, and on her way home she would stop by a night club where you could here B. B. King perform. She says, â€Å"You could hear the soft sound of his guitar all the way to the sidewalk (Franklin and Ritz, 22). National and local political leaders would give there speeches. Speakers such as Dr. Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. , Dr. Martin Luther King, and Reverend Jesse Jackson would speak powerfully to the church. Aretha was directly influenced by Miriam Anderson, Sammy Davis, and Roy Wilkins. Detroit was overflowing with talent and speakers which I believe also contributed to Aretha’s success. Pain was probably what really drove Aretha Franklin’s success. As stated before, Franklin’s family was highly religious and was continually involved in the Church. But that doesn’t mean that she hadn’t been through a tremendous amount of pain. Early in life her mother and father got a divorce. The father was better suitable to raise Aretha and her four Siblings. The mother moved to Buffalo, New York and tried to make regular visits to see her children. She was supported her children in the best way she could, but when Aretha needed her, she still was not reachable. Matters became worst a few years later when Aretha’s mom dies of a stroke. Aretha described her mom by saying â€Å"she was the absolute lady† (Smith, 3). At age 15 she had her first child and two years later another would come. But Aretha still wanted to go out and be with friends, so her grandmother usually babysat for her periodically. In a time when Black Activism, Feminism, and Sexual Liberation were high, she needed to provide for herself. So when Aretha was old enough and was ready to start performing, she hired a man named Ted White to be her manager. He later became her husband. In the future she would divorce him for a famous actor which would end in divorce, too. Even though in 1968 to 1969, Franklin’s career was rising rapidly. She was still described by her Producer Jerry Wexler as â€Å"a person whose depressions runs deeper than the sea† (Ritchie Unterberger, 3). Then one of Franklin’s highest admirers, gospel giant Mahalia Jackson died. Right after her death a extremely emotional gospel album was released my Aretha â€Å"Amazing Grace† This record was considered to be one of the most emotional records of its time. Much of the pain that Aretha suffered was not really publicized, but still it had to be one of the reasons for her to have such a powerful voice. Aretha Franklin was a successful artist and still inspires musicians today. Her voice is still described as incredible. She has all the awards that she needs to show her talent. Works cited Franklin, Aretha, and David Ritz. Aretha: From These Roots. New York: Villard, 1999. Print. Carroll, Jillian. Aretha Franklin. Chicago: Raintree, 2004. Print.

Negative effects of smoking in campus and solutions to prevent it Essay

Negative effects of smoking in campus and solutions to prevent it - Essay Example However, for those who choose not to smoke, their rights have to be respected just as much as those who do smoke. This means that non-smoking students do not want to be exposed to secondhand smoke. Otherwise, they would probably choose to be smokers themselves. The negative effects of smoking on campus are that it impedes the rights of non-smokers on campus, contributes to a negative image of the particular college involved, and results in poor grades for students who smoke. The way to prevent the negative effects of smoking on campus is to allow smoking in specific areas and only at certain times. The difficulty with smoking on campus is that many students go to college in order to learn and attain some kind of degree. Being exposed to secondhand smoke may make them lose focus and interest in their studies because their rights are being violated. No reasonable student would suggest banning smoking on campus completely. All that non-smokers want is to be left alone in peace so that they can concentrate on the reason why they are at college in the first place. The problem with smoking on campus is that it infringes on the rights of other people and forces them to have to put up with secondhand smoke. In order to fix this problem, there needs to be a solution that accommodates both smokers and non-smokers. It is not a case of pleasing one group and not pleasing another; there needs to be a compromise on how smokers can smoke on campus without involving anyone else. Smoking on campus does not give a college a particularly good look. The image of an education institution helps to uphold its reputation in the community. If a college or university gets a reputation of being a smoke-friendly place, it may cause potential new students to find other education institutions. This will mean that the institution will not grow as previously expected. A result of this may be that the fees will increase for students who already attend that institution. In addition to

Glam Metal Scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Glam Metal Scene - Essay Example As MTV appeared, a new instrument became available for music bands seeking popularity and recognition. Sunset Strip in Los Angeles was the place of birth for this music and visual genre, for early 1980s’ populated local clubs and concert halls with a great number of heavy metal bands that desperately sought ways to stand out among others (Batchelor 165). Due to availability of video clips’ rotation, the bands put their stakes on extravagant visual image as a means of being distinguished among others: MTV made glam metal â€Å"very much a whole visual and stylistic thing† (Popoff 217). While many heavy metal bands were using rather extravagant elements of visual image like leather, spandex and teased hair, these elements were exaggerated and extreme in glam metal bands, for their members were typically dressed in bright and even womanly clothes, created big teased hairstyles, wore tons of makeup and jewelry. However, their generally androgynous look ran contrary t o their image of outstanding males with enormous sexual appetites and their lifestyle involving heavy drinking, multiple sexual contacts and even drug abuse, whereby Nikki Sixx can be mentioned as a heavy heroin addict at the time of hair metal’s extreme popularity. However, androgyny of hair metal bands of eighties was different from that cultivated by the glam rock bands that influenced the discussed genre: glam metal scene used androgyny as the instrument of entertainment rather than irony, being more explicitly heterosexual (Moore 105).

Responsibilities of Nonprofit Health Care Organizations Essay - 2

Responsibilities of Nonprofit Health Care Organizations - Essay Example ical Center (MMC) to keep its tax-exempt status, the number of open clinics is not making enough to keep MMC and the clinic itself on a productive phase. It could be possible that the location of the financially unstable clinic should be reconsidered. Closing the clinic should be the last option for MMC since the two outpatient clinics would not be able to accommodate the third clinic’s patients due to several factors and one could be the location. Even if the initial aim of putting up these clinics is to aid MMC retain its tax-exempt status, one should always put into mind that the aim of these clinics is to look after the health of patients disregarding the latter’s stature in the society (Nelson, 2005; ACHE.org, 2013). As it has been stated repeatedly, nonprofit healthcare organizations should always put into priority the kind of service they would be giving the patients. Everyone should be given the proper care that is needed at any given time, all the time. In the preamble of the ACHE’s Code of Ethics, one should utilize moral attitudes towards people who are in need of health care. One should always consider the well-being of others first before of the self especially in the aspect of finances. Taxes play a vital role in the government as it is the source of funds, part of which goes to welfare. Even if one is aiming for tax-exemption, the hospital or medical facility should still be providing the appropriate services that a profit-oriented organization is providing their clients. It is the moral and ethical thing to do, whether written in black and white or not. Healthcare executives are well-aware of the fact that it is not the profit which is the most important in the industry but the health and well-being of people (ACHE.org, 2013). United States Government Accountability Office. (September 2008). NONPROFIT HOSPITALS: Variation in Standards and Guidance Limits Comparison of How Hospitals Meet Community Benefit Requirements. 26 February 2014.

Description of the Market and Market Metrics Essay

Description of the Market and Market Metrics - Essay Example The SMEs chosen for the product are located in good numbers and they may require this product to have better communication with their partners and clients. The government organizations have been chosen, to convince the authorities who will recommend or approve the products usage. This will help in promoting the product among government and the related organizations. Large corporate organizations in the Rift Valley Region need to reduce their running costs and one of the ways they can do so is by having a reliable and cost effective means of doing their regular essential forms of business communication. Capturing this market will increase the product value and make it more sellable. The fourth market chosen is the education sector. It has been chosen as a target market as one of the ways to help the government achieve its goals on education for all (EFA) by taking e-learning to their homes. SMEs have been chosen as one of the targeted markets because the Rift Valley Region of Kenya is the largest and one of the most economically vibrant provinces. It has a good number of Small and Medium Enterprises running businesses in this area. The government of Kenya has good intentions in advancing it’s style of working. It intends to adapt to more technological methods that will enhance the speed, quality and reliability of work between its various offices. Thus the Kenyan government could extend a warm welcome to this new Telecon software which is capable of revolutionizing the working system of the government authorities. The large corporate organizations present in the Rift valley region are situated sparsely and they need new technologies to improve their performance. The are corporate with good financial background, they intend to increase their profit with the aid of new communication methods like Telecon. In the

Advanced Criminalities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advanced Criminalities - Assignment Example The amount (percentage) of ethanol in beer varies depending on brands. The amount (percentage) of ethanol in the beer that the accused can be assumed to be a particular value so that everybody reads the same script given the difference in the percentages of ethanol in beer. iv) The test results showed that the accused was not able to perform some physical activities like standing on one leg as well as walking. It is very wrong to say that the only thing, which can impair one from walking or standing on one leg, is alcohol. There are numerous factors that can make one unable to walk. Health status of a person a significant factor that can deter someone from walking or standing on one leg. The assumption, therefore, is that the accused was of good health. No. One cannot have such high percentage of alcohol in the blood with just four beer. The person must have consumed copious amounts of beer. The percentage of ethanol in the beer was 3.5%. This value is very low and, therefore, four beers cannot result in recording 0.17% blood alcohol level. The person may have consumed four beers as he claims but might have also consumed other additional drinks, which may be responsible for the o.17% blood alcohol level. The range of maximum blood alcohol level at which one is allowed to operate a vehicle on a public road is in most states is 0.5- 0.8 for males and 0.25-0.7 for females. The blood alcohol concentration mostly depends on the gender, the period over which the alcohol was taken, the amount of food present in the stomach, the weight as well as the metabolism rate. However, it is always important to note that in as much as the BAC level of a person can be estimated, the number of drinks, height and weight alone cannot help in determining the BAC. (Zernig, Salaria, Kurz, 2000. Pg. 420) Eight 4-ounce glasses of wine with approximately 12% alcohol content would be required to make the BAC level to be 0.17%.  Ã‚  

Gay marriage in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gay marriage in China - Research Paper Example In China, very small achievements surrounding the issue of gay marriages have been realized. According to Fedorak, â€Å"in 1997, the law that outlawed sodomy was repealed, and in 2001, homosexuality was no longer classified as a mental illness† (90). The have been numerous attempts to have the marriage laws that only recognize straight marriages amended, but they have all been unsuccessful. This paper is an argumentative research essay that proposes that gay marriages should not be legalized in china. This is after a thorough look, discussion and reflection of both sides of the argument. The existence of homosexuals in China is a reality: Same sex relationships have existed in China for a very long time. According to Newton, â€Å"long-term same-sex loving relationships were common during certain periods of early Chinese history, with at least 10 emperors between the period 206 BCE and 1 CE known to have been involved in such relationships† (5). This however does not mean that homosexuality was accepted; it was rather fairly tolerated. Drescher and Lingiardi point out that â€Å"it was only after 1949 that homosexual behavior was seriously punished in China and served as grounds for persecution during Chinese political upheavals between the 1950s and 1970s† (117). From this, it is clear that the Chinese people have always accepted homosexuality and its existence, but not its legalization. All Chinese citizens have equal rights: The only reason the law should deny people their rights is in instances where the rights are against the law. The Chinese criminal law has no specific statement that describes the status of homosexuals or whether it is illegal or not. Only the following statement exists in the nation’s laws: â€Å"all hooliganism should be subjected to arrest and sentence† (West and Green 63). In this case hooliganism means any disruption of social order. Since homosexuality is greatly condemned in the Chinese society and viewed as

Firm behaviour which seeks to give considerable weight to ethical Essay - 1

Firm behaviour which seeks to give considerable weight to ethical concerns must do so at the expense of profit. Discuss ma - Essay Example Having established a definition of ethics, the question as to whether or not a business can sustain very prominent ethical principles without sacrificing profitability requires significant examination. According to Milton Friedman (2003), a respected business theorist and philosopher, the only genuine goal of a business is to ensure shareholder satisfaction and earn a profit; this over all other objectives. Friedman’s view is that attainment of profit, by which some individuals in society believe this objective to be akin to greed and materialism, supersedes the demand for sustaining the highest standards of moral and decent behaviours. For many in society, however, this is deemed unethical behaviour requiring further focus on social responsibility. There is, however, ample evidence that both profit achievement and production of ethical behaviours can be effectively balanced. Why ethics and profit can achieve equilibrium Within a business dynamic, it is recognised that leaders who publicly exhibit high standards of ethical behaviour are more apt to gain trust from employee followers, making it more motivational for employees to follow the established mission and vision of the leader (Watts 2008; Resick, Hanges, Dickson and Mitchellson 2006). According to the literature, transparency and trust are two key dimensions for establishing a cohesive organisational culture (Barrett 2011). Since ethics and trust go hand-in-hand, theoretically the ethical leader will be able to establish an organisational culture that remains unified and consistently working toward modelling ethical behaviours that have been openly demonstrated by the leadership. Business theory and marketing theory, further, indicate that once a very cohesive and cooperative organisational culture has been established, it is easier for the firm to sustain competitive advantages that are attributed to human capital development. For instance, Armstrong (2007) indicates that once trust and cohesion have been established, employee followers of the ethical leader are more committed to attaining organisational goals and more loyal to the business due to the fact that the ethical leader was able to speak to the hearts and minds of employees. Why is this important to understanding whether ethics and profit can be balanced? When an organisation is perceived by external investors to sustain a very cohesive organisational culture, they are considered to be world class organisations with much more incentive for investment potential (Very, Lubatkin, Calori and Viega 1997). The ethical leader described in the aforementioned example has managed, theoretically, to build more loyalty and commitment simply by exhibiting ethical behaviours. Concurrently, the external investor now witnesses the human capital advantages of establishing a cooperative team environment and subsequently provides investment that assists the organisation in its long-term strategic plans and objectives, such as new ca pital machinery for production or improving the marketing function. In this example, ethical behaviours served as the absolute catalyst for improving the financial situation of the business. Without having exhibited ethical behaviours, the leader would not be creating an organisation

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managment - Essay Example Managers also need to draft a comprehensive time schedule over which the project implementation process will strictly follow. This will ensure that activities are all executed within the specified periods. This will also ensure that the project is completed within the set time schedule. Proper allocation of resources is also required, in planning, to ensure that workers are not pushed around departments in search for resources (Pinto 57). Proper allocation of resources, in a different department, will also ensure that different departments exist independently, but co-exist with other departments for mutual benefits. In addition, constant rewarding of workers is a necessity in improving their efficiency and performance. A functional organization, planning to transform into a supportive and interactive culture from adversarial culture, needs to consider a number of factors. In the first place, the organization should begin by setting up a corporate wide vision, which aims at motivating and uniting workers (Pinto 58). Secondly, they have to establish a punishment or reward system that is in accordance with their vision. Lastly, such firms need to formulate unambiguous policies that are in line with communication and authority (Pinto 59). This is significant in making fast and efficient

Views on Feminism and Modern Culture Essay Example for Free

Views on Feminism and Modern Culture Essay According to Webster Dictionary’s, feminism is â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012). So if one adheres to this definition then feminism is about equality for ALL sexes not just females. But I think feminism started out as a way for females to revolt against the perceived inequality to the fairer sex and over time evolved into a need for equality of all sexes, race, and ethnicity. As Feminization . Although anabolic steroids are derived from a male sex hormone, men who take them may actually experience a â€Å"feminization† effect along with a decrease in normal male sexual function. . our Declaration of Independence states, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (Declaration of Independence, 1776). So even at the creation of our nation, the great leaders of the time declared equality for all. So if this is true when did this feminist movement begin and why? My paper feminism The word feminism has many connotations. Some include lesbian, feminazi, man-hater, and baby killer. It is interesting to note that all these words convey a negative feeling. will focus on the three waves of feminist movement and how each, in their own part, contributes to the overall progression of the movement. The feminist movement originally started in Europe (France and the Netherlands) in the late 19th century as a campaign for woman’s right to vote (About Famous Feminists in History). The modern western feminist movements were divided into three â€Å"waves† with each wave dealing with a different aspect of the same feminist issues. Before the Feminism The word feminism has many connotations. Some include lesbian, feminazi, man-hater, and baby killer. It is interesting to note that all these words convey a negative feeling. It is rare â€Å"first wave,† during the late 1700’s a group of women publically called for equal rights of women, in particular education opportunities. Women, such as Judith Sargent Murray and Mary Wollstonecraft, of middle and upper class were leading the way as men  of social station were asserting that â€Å"all human beings had equal rights by nature†¦and that everyone should have an equal chance of free development as an individual† (Klein, 1984, p. 530). But all this talk appeared to FEMINISM What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. not apply to women nor mattered to anyone other than White men. Even though women of middle-class acquired more educational opportunities in the 1980s, they found that professional opportunities were closed to them leaving them to either sit at home or join voluntary organizations (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 13). The â€Å"first wave† of feminism covered a period from 1830 to 1920. At the first international anti-slavery conference in London, women delegates were prohibited from publically speaking and Feminism What is feminism? By general definition, feminism is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on social, political and economical equality for women. Feminists were segregated from the men in the conference hall. This outraged many women, including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who resolved to hold their own conference in the United States to focus on women’s rights as well as abolitionism (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 15). The Women’s Rights Movement began on July 13, 1848, when a young housewife/ mother, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, invited four friends to tea. Stanton expressed her discontent on her own limitations and Feminism Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia (currently 90% of registered architects in NSW her friends agreed with her passionately. Within a few days on July 19 and 20, 1848, they found a suitable location in Seneca Falls, New York, to hold â€Å"a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious conditions and of rights of woman† (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Led by Mott and Stanton, about 300 women and some sympathetic men adopted a â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† modeled deliberately after the Declaration of Independence, as  these were patriotic women wanting to Feminism Feminism was a very political movement during its first and second waves. Thenew Third Wave of feminism is quite different from the previous two. These threefeminist share the ideal of improving the new republic. This sentiment enumerated areas of life where women were treated unjustly, listing eighteen grievances, just as their forefathers had in the Declaration of Independence from England (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Over the two-days of convention discussion, the Declaration of Sentiments and 12 resolutions received unanimous endorsement with a few amendments. The only resolution that did not pass unanimously was the call for women\s right to vote. This was Feminism Feminism Paper The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze gender inequality, focusing on the history of feminist ideas. I will start with a basic overview of the inconceivable to many and brought about heated debates over the woman\s voting rights. Nonetheless, the resolution was accepted by the majority and the Seneca Falls Convention became known as the official launch of the campaign for women’s suffrage (Renzetti Curran, 2002, pp. 15-16). Conventions were held annually until the start of the Civil War often drawing over capacity crowds that people had to be turned away due to lack of sufficient meeting space (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Feminism In In A Doll s House, Ibsen presents a view of the world that is unconventional to say the least. He breaks from tradition to compose a play that deals Once the Civil War broke out, many activists began to neglect the movement to devote their time and energy to the war effort. But activists like Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, and Sojourner Truth traveled the country lecturing and organizing for the next forty years. The central issue emerging was the right for women to vote (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). It was felt by many that the women’s hard work during the war effort that the Feminism IS THERE ANY CONSISTENCY AMONG THE VARIOUS FEMINISMS OR IS FEMINISM  INCOHERANT? Without fear of contradiction one can successfully collate the feminist philosophy, both as a progressively forward-looking movement, and Republican administration would reward them for their wartime support by granting women the right to vote. But not only did this not happen, Congress added a sex distinction to the Constitution by using the word â€Å"male† in the second section of the Fourteenth Amendment (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16). Angered and disappointed, the feminists took up the fight by going state-to-state calling on two referendums, one to enfranchise Blacks and one to enfranchise women. In Kansas, their Feminism Physiological differences provide the material base of status between the two sexes, but it is the determined processes of social practices that transform these sexes into genders. Male and female first state, the Republicans supported the vote for Blacks but not women ;whereas the Democrats let racism get the better of them and supported woman’s suffrage. Both measures lost at the polls. Feminists were appalled by the blatant hypocrisy and racism (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16) and in May 1869, Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) whose sole objective was the right to vote for women and Blacks. Followed in November 1869, Feminism Feminism Feminism can be roughly defined as a movement that seeks to enhance the quality of women’s lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others formed the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) (Imbornoni, 2000-2012). In 1890 these two organizations merged to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), pooling their resources to win women the right to vote (Black men were enfranchised in 1870) (Renzetti Curran, 2002, p. 16). After 72 years of campaigning that included thousands of political strategists, capable organizers, administrators, activists and lobbyists (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998), women finally won the right to Feminism Feminism Feminism can be roughly defined as a movement that seeks to enhance the quality of women’s lives by impacting the norms and moves of a society based on male vote with the passing of the 19th Amendment to the  Constitution, signed into law by the Secretary of State, Bainbridge Colby, on August 26, 1920 (Imbornoni, 2000-2012). Several activists whose names and accomplishments standout during this â€Å"first wave† and should be remembered in history are: †¢ Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Lucy Stone. They were pioneer theoreticians of the 19th-century women\s rights movement. †¢ Esther Morris, the first woman to hold a judicial position, who feminism Mary Wollstonecraft is held as being the first modern feminist. She was born in 1759 to a gentry farmer and an unloving mother and is said to have began her led the first successful state campaign for woman suffrage, in Wyoming in 1869. †¢ Abigail Scott Duniway, the leader of the successful fight in Oregon and Washington in the early 1900s. †¢ Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell, organizers of thousands of African-American women who worked for suffrage for all women. †¢ Harriot Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone\s daughter, who carried on their mothers\ legacy through the next Feminism Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia (currently 90% of registered architects in NSW generation. †¢ Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt, leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the early years of the 20th century, who brought the campaign to its final success. †¢ Alice Paul, founder and leader of the National Woman\s Party, considered the radical wing of the movement. †¢ Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now a Supreme Court Justice, learned the story of the Women\s Rights Movement. Today she says, \I think about how much we Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft is held as being the first modern feminist. She was born in 1759 to a gentry farmer and an unloving mother and is said to have began her owe to the women who went before us legions of women, some known but many more unknown. I applaud the bravery and resilience of those who helped all of us you and me to be here today\ (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). The â€Å"second wave† of feminism did not revitalize until the 1960s, a  period of mass mobilization for movement both in the United States and abroad. This was activism that appeared in the public consciousness, Feminism In the past and present women have had to endure sexism as a part of everyday life. This is unfair and unjust to the female species. In this paper fueled by several seemingly independent events of that turbulent decade. In 1961, Esther Peterson, director of the Women’s Bureau of the Department of Labor, considered it the government’s responsibility to take an active role in addressing discrimination against women. President Kennedy convened a Commission on the Status of Women, with Eleanor Roosevelt as chair. This commission issued a report in 1963 that documented discrimination against women in every aspect of American life. Local and state governments Feminism Both Virginia Woolf, in a speech addressing a graduating all women class, and Naomi Wolf, in her text The Beauty Myth, contemplate feminism from an economic viewpoint. While quickly established their own commissions for women to research and recommend change (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). Another factor was the publication of Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, in 1963 which evolved from a survey she conducted for her 20-year college reunion. In this book, she voiced the unhappiness and boredom of White, educated, middle-class suburban housewives. Friedan referred to homes as â€Å"comfortable concentration camps† who found their personal growth stunted. This book inspired thousands of Feminism Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990s Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century ;however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the women to look beyond the role of homemaker for fulfillment (Eisenberg Ruthsdotter, 1998). The federal government took action to draw attention to the problem of sex discrimination and President Kennedy appointed a Presidential Commission on the Status of Women.

Effects Of Mangrove Destruction In Mumbai Environmental Sciences Essay

Effects Of Mangrove Destruction In Mumbai Environmental Sciences Essay Rapid expansion of urban spaces has caused pressure on fragile ecosystem of the city. Uneven growth of various regions has made migration a serious challenge. Increasing population growth of metropolitan has created concretization of island city and clearing of vital floral resources. Thousands of people from various parts of the country come to Mumbai every month. Around 43 per cent of citys population considered to be migrant. The predominant migrants are of rural origin, coming from various parts of the country, with two-third to three-fourths of all migrants belonging to this category. There are migrants from other countries as well but these have been less than one per cent since 1981 (Census; 2001). This trend migration is a Destruction of mangrove that was the habitat of several species of fishes have combined to leave the citys fisher folk of around 50,075 (Marine Fisheries Census; 2005) gasping for survival. Among various reasons economic factors have been the major cause for migration to Mumbai. About 69 per cent of males stated that employment was the main motive behind their movement. The data show that the rate of migrants in search for better employment has been higher in the late 1990s. Social reasons such as marriage and accompanying the family con stituted about 90 per cent of female migration. (Singh 2001) Population pressure is continuously increasing in the coastal area, so because of this expanding population mangrove is facing significant pressure of destruction. Mangroves have been cleared and degraded on an alarming scale during the past four decades (Valiela et al., 2001; Wilkie and Fortuna, 2003; Duke et al., 2007), yet they remain an important source of wood and food products and provide vitally important environmental services for coastal communities throughout the tropics (Balmford et al., 2002). Climate and Rainfall Kolis of Mumbai Kolis are the traditional fishing community of Mumbai and are the original inhabitants of the island city. Fishing is still the main source of their livelihood. The interesting fact is that, Mumbai is derived from the Koli word, Mumba, which means goddess of water. Several records reveal that Kolis have been found in Mumbai from early times. Dr. Gerson da Cunha in the book Origin of Mumbai describes old Mumbai as the desolate islet of the Mumbai Koli fishermen. The Kolis are reported to have occupied the land in A.D. 1138 The Koli community has several subcastes, the prominent ones are Koli kolis, Mangela Kolis, Mahadeo kolis, Suryawanshi kolis, Vaity kolis, Koli Christians. Kolis are divided into two occupational classes; Dolkars Vatsad Dolkars are usually rich compared to Vatsad among Kolis. Dolkars practice fishing on large scale Vatsads, who are a poor class of fishermen usually in the employ of the richer members of the community. Men are mostly engaged in fishing while, women take care of housing activities and selling of fish in the local market. Lot of their daily activities depend on the fishing season and tidal movement. Koli is the main language spoken by the community, Marathi is another frequently used language among Kolis. What are Mangroves? Mangroves are a group of trees, palms, shrubs, vines and ferns that share a common ability to live in waterlogged saline soil. These plants have developed unusual adaptations to the unique environmental conditions in which they are found. Mangrove can be typically refered to an individual species. Terms such as mangrove ecosystem, mangrove forest, mangrove community and mangrove swamp are used interchangeably to describe the entire mangrove community (Smithsonian Inst. 1996). There are around 80 species of mangroves found throughout the world (Saenger et al., 1983). Mostly they occur within tropical and subtropical coastal areas subjected to tidal impact. Tidal area can be interpreted to mean a shoreline inundated by the extremes of tides, or it can more widely refer to river-bank communities where tides cause some fluctuation in water level but no change in salinity (Tomlinson, 1986). There are mainly two types of mangrove; exclusive and non-exclusive. Exclusive mangroves are the largest group, comprising around 60 species (Saenger et al., 1983). These mangroves are confined to intertidal areas. Rest 20 species are referred as non-exclusive. Non-exclusive mangroves differ from the exclusive mangrove in the sense that these grow preferably in drier and more terrestrial areas. Features of Mangrove Mangrove Distribution Mangrove forests comprise up to 50 species of woody halophytes restricted to sheltered saline tidal areas, and once occupied around 75% of tropical coasts and inlets (Ellison 1997). Mangroves are the plats of tropical sheltered shores. Mangroves are found throughout the world between latitudes 32 °N and 38 °S. The upper and lower limits of this range are determined by temperature (Chapman, 1976; Tomlinson, 1986). Source: (Source: ENVIS, 2008) Mangrove Distribution in India According to the Government of India, the total area of the mangroves in India was around at 6,740 sq. Km. this covered about 7% of the world mangroves (Krishnamurthy, 1987) and about 8% of the Indian coastline (Untawale, 1987). But recent 2005 data of Survey of India, Dehradun shows an extent of 4,445 sq. km. mangrove areas in India. Out of the total acreage, 57% of the mangroves are found on the East Coast, 23% on the west coast and the remaining 20% on Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Table: State/UT wise Mangrove Cover Mangrove Cover Assessment 2001(Area in sq. km.) SL No. State/UT Dense Open Total % of Geographical Area 1 Andhra Pradesh 14 319 333 0.12 2 Goa 5 0 5 0.14 3 Gujrat 184 727 911 0.46 4 Karnataka 2 0 2 0.001 5 Maharahstra 90 28 118 0.04 6 Orissa 194 25 219 1.39 7 Tamil Nadu 10 13 23 0.02 8 West Bengal 1651 430 2081 2.34 9 Andaman and Nicobar 709 80 789 9.56 10 Pondichery 0 1 1 0.21 Total 2859 1623 4482 0.14 (Source: ENVIS, 2008) Mangrove Distribution in Maharashtra Maharashtra has 720 km long coastline, which has various characteristic features of beaches and rocky cliffs flanked by estuaries and patches of mangroves. Maharashtra coastal zone extends between the latitude 15 52N and 20 10N and longitude 72 10E and 73 10E and falls under five districts of Thane, Mumbai, Sindhudurg, Raigad, Ratnagiri. The mangroves of Maharashtra are the most diverse among the west coast and according to the Forest Survey of India (FSI) covered 116 sq. km in 2003. The area under mangroves in Maharashtra was 200 sq. km. in 1972-75, which reduced to 108 sq. km. in 1997. Mangroves of Mumbai Mangrove along the coast of Mumbai always faced the challenge of various anthropogenic activities over the decade. In early nineties around 37 sq.km. Of mangrove existed in Mumbai, mostly in Versova, Gorai, Mahim creek, Thane and Ghodbunder. Some sparsely covered patches of mangrove are also found in Bandra, Colaba, Mahul and Malabar Hill. The most commonly occurring species of mangrove in Mumbai is Avicennia marina, this covers the almost 60 per cent of species diversity. The characteristic feature of Avicennia marina makes it tolerable for high salinity area. This species also tolerates pollution including heavy metals such as lead, mercury and chromium. Table: Some of the commonly found mangroves in Mumbai (Source: Kulkarni, 2007) Temperature Mangroves mostly occur in areas where the average temperature of the coldest month is higher than 20 °C and the seasonal range does not exceed 10 °C. Lower temperature and frost also limits the growth and distribution of mangrove (Tomlinson, 1986). Rainfall Coastal areas which receive ample amount of rainfall, heavy runoff and seepage into the intertidal zone from the hinterland are most suitable for mangrove. These areas receive extensive sedimentation which provides huge quantity of nutrients, which in turn are favourable for mangrove growth (Tomlinson, 1986). Importance of Mangrove Multifaceted importance of mangrove has been realised in recent times but its ecological importance is known to scientific community since hundreds of years. Importance of mangrove can be broadly classified under following heads: Ecological Importance Mangroves are considered to be the most productive natural ecosystem throughout the world. Mangrove ecosystem comprise of numerous varieties of flora and fauna. Mangrove forest consist of seventy taxonomically diverse tree, shrub, palm and fern species under twenty-seven genera, twenty families, and nine orders that share a suite of convergent adaptations to saline, anoxic habitats (e.g. Tomlinson, 1986; Stewart Popp, 1987; Ball, 1988; Duke et al, 1998). Economic Importance Mangroves provide a vast range of wood and non-wood forest products which are of good economic value such as timber, fuel wood, medicine, thatch, honey, fodder, charcoal etc. Legislative Framework for Conservation and Management of Mangrove in India The Indian Forest Act, 1927: Provide protection to flora and fauna. The Indian Forest Act has been applied to the mangrove forest of the Sundarbans, which have been declared as a Reserved Area. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Provide protection to flora and fauna. Although they do not specifically mention mangroves, these acts can also apply to the conservation of the flora and fauna of mangrove ecosystem. The Forest Conservation Act, 1980: States that No forest area shall be diverted for any non-forestry purpose without prior approval of the Government of India. This act has proved very effective in preventing diversion of mangrove forest area for non-forestry purpose. Coast Guard Act, 1978: The concern for Marine and Coastal waters has led to formation of a special force, The act stipulate that Cost guard should combat oil pollution beyond 5 km in the sea and perform surveillance duty against international dumping of oil or waste by ship/tanker. The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986: It has a crucial role in the Conservation and Management of mangrove ecosystem. It declares a Coastal Regulation Zone notified in 1991, in which industrial and other activities such as discharge of untreated water and effluents, dumping of waste and land reclamation are restricted in order to protect the Coastal environment. Condition of Mangrove in Coastal Regulation Zone It is stipulated that in case of mangrove with an area of 1000 sq.m or more, would be classified as CRZ with a buffer zone of at least 50 m Mangrove is a tropical tree growing, along the coast and requires saline water for its growth. Expert in this field say that mangrove are very important along the coast for breaking of tides and it is valuable resources having several direct uses. Hence proper the protection of mangrove is very important. (Chauhan, 2004) Prohibited Activities in the Coastal Regulation Zone (a) Setting of new industries and expansion of existing industries (except those directly related to waterfront or directly needing for shore facilities). (b) Manufacture, handling, storage or disposal of hazardous substances. (c) Setting up and expansion of fish processing units including warehousing (d) Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries, cities and other human settlements. (e) Dumping of cities and town wastes for the purpose of land filling. (f) Dumping of ash or any wastes from thermal power station. (g) Land reclamation bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawater with similar obstructions except those required for control of coastal erosion. (h) Mining of sands, rocks and others sub strain materials except other minerals not available outside the CRZ areas. (i) Construction activities in ecologically sensitive areas. (j) Any construction activities between the Low Tide line and high tide line except in permitted areas. (k) Dressing or altering of sand dunes, hills natural features including landscape changes. Regulation of Permissible Activities in Coastal Regulation Zone 1. Clearance shall be given for any activities within the CRZ if it requires waterfronts and fore shore facilities. 2. The following activities will require environmental clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forest Govt. of India. a) Construction activities related to defence requirements for which fore shore facilities are required (e.g. Jetties etc.). b) Operational constructions for ports and harbours and lighthouses requiring water frontage Jetty, waves quays etc. c) Thermal Power Plants (only foreshore facilities for transport of raw materials for intake of cooling water and out fall for discharge of treated waste water). d) All other activities with investment exceeding rupees Five Crores. 3. a) The Coastal states and Union territory Administration shall prepare Coastal Zone Management Plans at the earliest and approval be taken from Central Govt. in the Ministry of Forest and Environment. b) Within the Framework of such approval plans the State Govt./U.T. Administration or local Authorities shall regulate all development and activities within the Coastal Regulation Zone. Violation of Coastal Regulation Zone has been seen in various parts of Mumbai Metropolitan region. Several environmental activists have raised the voice against these violations. Coastal area is vital to the prosperity of country and usually most productive areas, supporting a wealth of marine resources. With rapid industrialization, urbanization, resultant pollutions and depleting resources along the coast have resulted in degradation of coastal ecosystem and diminishing the living resources. Environmentally effective coastal zone management requires accurate, up to date and comprehensive scientific data on which policy decision can be used. Mangrove Destruction and its Impact Importance of mangrove has been recognised by various stakeholders of the society viz. scientists, government, local populations of biotic and socioeconomic services. Accurate estimates of global deforestation rates of mangroves are not available; its well-known environmental and socioeconomic impacts are observed and increasingly documented in coastal communities that depend directly on mangroves, and in upland communities with economic links to the coast. The primary cause of destruction throughout the world is clear cutting, illegal dumping and reclamation; these are carried for the purpose of agricultural activities, aquaculture, urban expansion, and resort development and have threatened the majority of mangrove ecosystem. This destruction exacerbating economic stress of largely low-income, fast growing local population, who are driven to exploit mangroves despite clear signs of degradation. Mangrove forests are a source of livelihood for thousands of coastal communities in developing countries worldwide; these communities traditionally harvest fish, shrimp, timber, non-timber forest Products, and fuel wood from them. The importance of the mangrove ecosystem transcends provisioning services and includes regulatory, ecological, cultural, and aesthetic services. However, these services are diminishing globally, most especially the provisioning service, and this is putting the livelihoods of coastal communities at risk and increasing their vulnerability to tropical storms and surges. These trends are the outcome of mounting anthropogenic activities such as brackish water aquaculture, mangrove forest clearing for infrastructure development and varied levels of harvesting for subsistence. Because of these pressures, mangroves in coastal tropical developing countries are being degraded; for instance, 20-30% of mangrove forests have been lost in West-Central Africa since 1980 (UNEP-WCMC, 2007). Mangrove and Fishing Linkages Between Mangrove and Fishing Fishes and invertebrates use estuarine and inshore habitats in a number of ways: some are only occasional visitors; some use them only at certain life stages, whereas others reside permanently in the estuaries (Lenanton Potter 1987, Potter et al. 1990, Potter Hyndes 1999, Whitfield 1999). There are various groups of fishes and invertebrates which show distinct association with mangrove. Fishes which are found occasionally in estuaries are termed as marine stragglers (Potter Hyndes 1999, Whitfield 1999) and these stragglers have least dependence on estuaries. There are species which uses estuaries and inshore regions for significant time period especially during juvenile stage only. In some marine species juveniles are only found in mangroves and these are termed as mangrove dependent species; e.g., banana prawn P. merguiensis (Staples et al. 1985, Vance et al. 1996). Catadromous species travel between fresh and marine water also use mangrove habitats at certain life stages e.g., barramundi Lates calcarifer (Russell Garrett 1983). Some species spend their entire life cycle in estuaries and are termed as true estuarine species. The importance of mangrove for sustaining production of fishery in coastal ecosystem is a widely held paradigm that mangroves act as important nursery sites for fisheries species. The function of mangroves as nursery sites is widely accepted (e.g., Blaber 2000, Kathiresan Bingham 2001) and this paradigm is used for important management decisions on habitat conservation and restoration of mangrove (Beck et al. 2001). There are also theories that states; area of mangrove habitat in an estuary translates to the secondary production and catch of commercial fisheries (Baran 1999). There are clear cases of example which depict the correlation between the magnitude of commercial finfish catches and the extent of mangroves. For example, in the Philippines, a positive, but weak, correlation was found between mangrove area and the catch of four families of commercial fish (Paw Chua 1991). Freshwater Mangrove Marine Freshwater Mangrove Marine Figure Number of fish and shrimp species occurring in freshwater, marine and mangrove ecosystem showing higher species diversity in the mangroves (Islam Haque 2005). Mangrove as nursery site for fishes: Mangroves and estuaries share characteristic features such as shallow water, reduced wave action, high organic content in the sediment, high primary production and protection from predators, which may all contribute to their role as nurseries. Nursery areas for fishes have been regarded as any areas inhabited by the juveniles, often with the adults living in separate habitats. But, this definition of nursery is challenged by Beck et al, (2001); he proposes a different picture of fish nurseries a habitat is a nursery for juveniles of a particular species if its contribution per unit area to the production of individuals that recruit to adult populations is greater, on average, than production from other habitats in which juveniles occur. According to this definition nursery is that part of habitat area of juvenile which are most productive in terms of supply of recruits to adult populations and, therefore, to fisheries. Based on the reproductive pattern and its association with the mangrove fishes can be classified into following four categories: a) Regular spawners The spawning activity of the species occurs regularly in the mangrove. The species are not necessarily resident in the region, but they always use it to spawn. e.g. S. rastrifer, B. Ronchus b) Occasional spawners The spawning activity in the mangrove is merely occasional. This region can be used to spawn, but there is no evidence that a great number of individuals in this group of species use it. These species are not as abundant in the mangrove as those of regular spawners. e.g. C. parallelus, C. edentulus c) Matures in system The spawning activity of the species does not occur in the mangrove, but this region is frequented regularly during the final phase of maturation. e.g. I. Parvipinnis d) Do not mature in system The spawning activity does not occur in the mangrove, and the gonadal maturation, if present, does not occur in many individual. e.g. P. corvinaeformis, P. brasiliensis The exact role of mangroves as nurseries are not well understood but a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain this role (Robertson Blaber 1992, Blaber 2000). The three main hypotheses are that mangroves provide juveniles with (1) Refuge from predators Numerous piscivorous fish enter mangrove during the high tide period (Blaber et al. 1989, Vance et al. 1996) thus smaller fishes escape their predators by entering in mangrove. This is attributed by various factors structural complexity of submerged vegetation, shallow water and turbidity can give significant refuges from predators, especially for small, mobile animals (Robertson Duke 1987, Robertson Blaber 1992). Mangroves provide the protection from prey by structural complexity as mangrove habitat is very complex structurally because of pneumatophores and fallen debris (leaves, branches and logs), prop roots, buttresses and branches. These structures provide protection in various ways: by reducing prey visibility, by lowering encounter rate of prey and predator, and by limiting the ability of predator to search for and capture prey (Rà ¶nnbà ¤ck et al. 1999). Shallow water condition does not favour the entry of large predators thus providing another form of refuse for small fishes and crustaceans (Boesch Turner 1984, Blaber 2000). It has been observed at various places that small fishes and prawns moved into more shallow waters while larger predatory fishes remained in deeper water at the fringes of the mangroves. High turbidity and shade beneath the mangrove canopy decreases the underwater visibility. The turbid and shaded water often found around mangroves may therefore provide an additional refuge from visual predators (Blaber Blaber 1980, Whitfield 1999). Juvenile fishes get attracted to turbid areas and may use the turbidity gradient to locate nursery areas. Abundances of some fish species have been found to be higher in areas of higher turbidity (Blaber 2000). Figure: Conceptual schematic diagram of the nutrient and energy fluxes in self-sustained mangrove ecosystem and the interaction of mangrove with adjacent freshwater and offshore marine ecosystem. (Source: Islam Haque, 2005) (2) Abundance of food Nutrient content and primary productivity are usually very high in mangrove area and food availability is more for fishes and crustaceans than any other coastal habitats. Nutrient comes to the mangrove system from upstream and from seaward and they are concentrated in mangrove area by trapping. Primary productivity in the mangrove forest itself attributed to several sources including epiphytes, phytoplankton, mangrove trees, and benthic microalgae (Rà ¶nnbà ¤ck 1999). Various fishes consume most of their feed when they come to the mangrove area. Primary productivity in mangrove forest forms the basis of a food web supplying abundant and varied trophic resources to higher consumers (Baran Hambrey 1998). Mangrove forest produce litter throughput the year, they have the ability to produce large quantities of litter, ranging from 10,000 to 14,000 kg dry weight/ ha/ year (Hamilton and Snedaker, 1984). Most creatures are unable to assimilate this directly and require bacterial enrichment before consumption. However, sesarmid crabs can directly consume mangrove litter and/or store 30-80% of the litterfall (Rà ¶nnbà ¤ck 1999). These crabs are eaten by fishes, creating a pathway for mangrove nutrients to enter food webs. (3) Shelter from physical disturbances Mangrove habitat is the area of low current, where impact of coastal tide gets reduced. This provides the small juvenile fishes benign physical environment to settle. Mangrove presence increases the residence time of water, especially in flat, wide mangroves with complex waterways (Wolanski Ridd 1986). The juveniles of few species of crustaceans, such as banana prawns Penaeus merguiensis and P. indicus ), are found exclusively in mangrove ecosystem (Staples et al. 1985, Vance et al. 1998, Rà ¶nnbà ¤ck et al. 2002) and are described as highly mangrove-dependent. It has been established from various studies that about two third of worlds fish and shellfish harvest are directly linked to estuarine habitat (Robertson Blaber 1992). Rà ¶nnbà ¤ck (1999) listed the proportion of mangrove-related species in fisheries in various parts of the world: Geographical Location % of fishes dependent on mangrove Fiji 60 Florida 80 India 60 Eastern Australia 70 Malacca Strait 49 Southeast Asian countries Fish 30 (Prawn 100%) Malaysia 32 Philippines 72 Products of Mangrove Ecosystem (Source: Saenger et al, 1983) Mangroves of Mumbai Mangrove Destruction Various studies confirm the destruction of mangrove throughout the globe and in particular have focused on estimating the total area cleared, rate of clearing, loss of sediments and erosion (Hatcher et al. 1989, Valiela et al. 2001, Alongi 2002). Figure: Proportion of existing global mangrove areas and areas in the South and Southeast Asia (Source: Islam Haque, 2005)

Grendel, John Gardner Analysis

Grendel, John Gardner Analysis In John Gardners Grendel, he presents Grendel as a truly unique character. Gardner portrays Grendel as a misunderstood, confused yet a complex creature. Whom he humanizes. I feel that by portraying him this way, Gardner shows how there are two sides to each story. This makes him more relatable to the reader. Grendel is monstrous, but not brutish. Grendel is a character who is capable of learning, thinking, feeling emotions and communicating. Personally what attracts me to Grendel is his curiosity. Readers can relate to Grendel in many ways. He knows that his actions are cruel, yet he wants to understand why he persists in them. Grendel has been at war with the Danes and it was twelfth year of his idiotic war (5).Grendel knows that his war with the Danes is a cycle, which involves him killing people but he still continues it. He knows what he is doing is stupid and idiotic because he describes it as idiotic (5). I feel that the reason he still goes on with the war is because he is curious to find out why he does the thing he does .I think he is hoping for an epiphany. Grendel is longing for an answer. The curiosity of Grendel, gives the reader the reasoning behind his attacks and this makes him more understandable to the reader. Like humans Grendel is able to learn quickly. He learns a lot about himself and the world while he is trapped in the tree. While he was up on the tree, Grendel realizes that the whole world is unstable. In other words, he thinks that the world is chaotic and violent. I understood that, finally and absolute, I alone exist (22), Grendel realizes that he is alone in this world. Through the entire novel it has been a learning process for him. During his first encounter he learns that humans are no dull mechanical bull (27) but they were the most dangerous thing (27) he has ever met. His first encounter with humans made him want to learn more about the humans and this is why he watched humans. He would watch them from the eaves of the forest (30), he wanted to know more about humans. He felt a connection with humans, even though they misunderstood him and attacked him. I think he found more of a connection with humans that with his own mother because they had similar traits such as thinki ng, learning and curiosity. I feel that Grendel is an intelligent creature because he is able to use what he has learned from past observations. He knew that the Danes were doomed (53), Grendel has seen people fight each other and destroy each other and he knew that the same fate awaited them. The way that Gardner portrays Grendels rationalization and his ability to learn show how much of a complex character he is. He was able to recognize humans have a similar language. Grendel like humans is also able to feel emotions. This is what separates him from the all the other creatures. When Grendel was stuck in the tree trunk, he bellowed for [his] mother (27). I feel sympathy for Grendel because he reminds me of a child .His behavior is childlike. He is in search of love just like any other child. Grendel is scared just like any child would be. By Gardner humanizing Grendel he is able to draw sympathy towards him. After sparing Unferth, each time he sees him, he roll[s] on the floor with laughter is mocking him (90). Grendel is able to feel and shows that he knows that humans have feeling too because he knows each time he mocks Unferth he knows that it kills him a little on the inside. When Grendel encounters Wealtheow, he describes her as beautiful [and] as innocent as dawn on winter hills (100).Wealtheow tore [him] apart as once the shapers song had done (100).Grendel is moved by her beauty. He had the greatest admiration (144) for her. Grendels ability to think attracts the reader because ability to think separates human from animals. He is a bit of philosopher. He seeks, like an existentialist philosopher, to understand the nature of his being and to bring his nature to completion. He understands that the world was nothing (21).He understands the world is nothing and that a person define meaning to their life. His existential views are also shown when he was tempted to whisper, all of us must sooner or later pass (145). He understands that people are only here for a short period of time. With his encounter with the dragon, he understands the dragon could lie. He was evil enough (71).I feel this shows how complex Grendels thinking ability is. He can synthesize information about the dragon, after meeting with him and uses reasoning to figure out that he couldnt trust the dragon. He doubts the dragon. I feel that this shows his ability to think because doubt is caused by thinking and analyzing information and assessi ng the validity of the information. Finally Grendel is a character who is full of pride. He thinks that he is better than other creature. He considers other creatures as low-life. He wonders why cant these creatures discover a little dignity (6). He thinks he is better than the bull because he has dignity. When he was fighting with Beowulf he thinks he is better than humans. He thinks he can escape him (169).He thinks that he is better than humans. Point of view In John Gardners Grendel, Grendel, both the main character and narrator of the story, narrates the story from a first person point of view. I feel that this adds a personal touch to the story because all the emotions he describes are raw emotions. As I go through Grendels life, I am sympathetic towards him because of his raw emotions. Because it is told from the first person perspective, the emotions described are the same exact emotions Grendel felt. I think the reason Gardner chose to tell it from Grendels point of view because there are always two sides to each story. In the epic, Grendel is portrayed as a simply monster who is plain evil and has no emotions what so ever. Gardner gives a chance for Grendel to tell his side of the story. Grendels first encounter with men, they consider him as a spirit (25).The significance of this experience is not how he encounter men for the first time but how the people reacted towards him. They misunderstood him from the get go. They didnt even try to understand him. At one point they though he was a fungus (24). Gardner uses Grendel to convey the idea that bullies are like monsters in a sense because no one tries to understand them. People jump to conclusions without knowing all the facts like how they classified Grendel as a spirit without having any concrete evidence that proves he is a spirit. Another example is when Grendels mouth moved but nothing would come out (26) and they assume th at Grendel is hungry. Then they mistaken him as an enemy, and the king hurdles an axe towards at [Grendel] (27). I feel bad for Grendel because everyone misunderstands him. Grendel telling the story makes us feel pity towards him which was lacking in the original Beowulf. In the epic Grendel was a monster who was pure evil but in Grendel, he is almost childlike which makes us feel pity towards him. When he was being attacked by humans, he bellowed for his mother (27) just like how a child would call out for his mom when the kid is being picked on. In Beowulf he is portrayed as an evil monster that was fearless and his mind set on killing but in Grendel he admits being afraid of them (79). Grendel being narrated in first person adds a personal touch to the novel. Because the main character narrates the novel, raw emotion is described. Who is better to describe how he feels than Grendel. Throughout the novel, I get to know what exactly what Grendel is feeling and what is going through his mind. For example during his first raid, he felt an unearthly joy (79).Because he describes this as a first person, it feels personal and the emotions see, strong but this would be lost if it was narrated in third person. Being narrated in first person amplifies the emotions. For example after attacking, he decided, meaningless to kill her (110). We know what is going through his head, this amplifies any emotion we have towards Grendel. We would feel differently towards Grendel if it was said through someone else. One thing that is lost through first person point of view is the truth. The facts are clouded because we have a limited perspective. We only see one side of the story, in this case Grendels side on how the events happened. Grendel narrates the story in past tense so his feelings are clouded with how he feels at the moment. For example I have eaten several priests. They sit on the stomach like duck eggs (129).He might have felt differently when he had actually eaten them but reflecting on it, he feels they were like duck eggs. Themes One of the predominate themes in Grendel is the need for community. Throughout the novel, Grendel is in search of community. Grendel desperately tries to fit in a community, but he will always be an outsider. Grendel tries to join the human community when he went to the hall and cried out friend! Friend! (52). He wanted to be part of the human community but he wasnt accepted. The way people reacted towards him was they tried to kill him. He would observe human behavior. Season after season he would watch from the high cliff wall (37) and observe humans and how they fought. Why would he observe humans if he didnt want to be part of their community. He is definitely intrigued by them. At times Grendel would feel alone and ugly (17).Grendel relates being alone to ugliness so he needs companionship to feel good about himself. I feel that Grendel has a need for community is because he doesnt want to be alone. He has no one to talk to. His own mother cant communicate with him. He is in se arch of a companion. He is jealous of the shaper because he has people to talk to (53).Even though he wants companionship with humans he knows he will never fit in. Grendel sees many benefits and flaws with humans. I think Gardner is addressing the benefits and drawbacks of human community through Grendel. One of the benefits he sees with community is teamwork. He called humans Crafty-witted killers that worked in teams (31) He admires their team work. Another benefit he sees of community is how they would listen to each other at meadhall tables (32).The problems that he sees with community is how much they waste. When he came to the hall he say cows in their pens lay burbling blood through their nostrils, with javelin holes in their neck. None had been eaten (33) .Another problem he had seen with communities was war. He observed how the wars began (34)He saw all the destruction of wars. Another predominate theme in Grendel is art. The shaper plays a huge part in this theme. Grendel is so enticed by the shaper that he wanted to part of his stories. He was so enticed that the sharper made him believe that he was part of the dark side (51).He was addicted to shapers story and kept coming back for more. The Shapers songs implant in Grendel a sense of despair and longing for emotional contact. He at first attempts to repent and embrace the ideology of the humans in exchange of acceptance, but when he is rejected he instead decides to fall in to the role which the Shaper had assigned him. His idea of the Shaper changes after his encounter with the dragon. He realizes that the shaper is just like everyone else and that it was all an illusion (62).The way they change the world through the arts in craft is by changing is history. History is told by the victor. Shaper tells people what they want to hear. In the epic Grendel is a character of pure evil with no good intention in his heart that is if he has a heart. Gardner, on the other hand uses a different approach in Grendel. In Grendel, Gardner shows some sign of goodness in him. On act of goodness is when he decides not to kill Unferth. Unferth passes out and Grendel decides to pick him up gently and carried him home (90).He feels pity towards him and decides not to kill him. Another act of goodness is when he decides not to kill. Grendel cannot see himself past the monster that he is. Every time he does something bad he feels guilty, but every time he does something good he feels like a sissy and a bad monster. Grendel is a monster because he accepts his role as a monster. When new people show up he is mad with joy (151) because he now has new people to terrorize. If he didnt accept his role as a monster why would be in his twelfth year. Grendel has different idea of good and evil. To him humans are evil because they would constantly fight each other. He would watch the fighting going on all that summer and begin again the next (36).He sees how fighting leads to destruction. Setting Grendels cave has a both a symbolic and a literal meaning. In his mothers cave large old shapes with smoldering eyes sat watching me. A continuous grumble came out of their mouths; their backs were humped. Then little by little it dawned on me that the eyes that seemed to bore into my body were in fact gazing through (16).When he awakens Grendel describes the cave as dark (23). The caves symbolize darkness and the evil within it. They are associated with each other because darkness can evoke fear and that is what both the caves and monsters do. The cave in this novel can be used in both literal and symbolic ways because a monster, Grendel, lives inside of it. The cave also represents the fact that they are not always evil because Grendel is not portrayed as a completely evil creature. The most interesting thing about Hart to Grendel is the people. He learns about what happens to them when they become angry or when they decide to work together. He is impressed by their organization. Grendel is impressed by how Hrothgar shown them the strength of his organization (37).It is a symbol of how complex the human race can be. What Hart means to them is home. They all gather their and share their lives. It symbolizes their strength to live through all of the things that happen to them. Hart is a place where they can socialize because it was a place where where they would listen to each other.(32) It also symbolizes unity because they can accomplish many things when they work together.   I dont think that Grendel fully understands the physical conditions of the human world because, while he wants to be a part of them, he doesnt know what its like to be part of a community, and just getting information through observation isnt enough when its about culture and tradition. The most striking thing that Grendel finds about the way humans live is their ability to make patterns and create faà §ades over the real world to make it appear the way they want it to. Grendel feels that the physical world is not really there. He feels that Grendel is the only living thing that is truly there and living. He feels like he is the only one that matters at all. Everything else is  just space for him to move around in because he create[s] the whole universe, blink by blink (22).He feels that the world is just one big machine with no thoughts of its own. Only he, Grendel, is truly alive and intelligent.

Essay --

The Power of Conformity There are many type of social concepts; however, there is one that I personally experienced through: social conformity. Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in a group. Growing up as an immigrant is a perfect example for changing me in order to adapt to a new environment. Conformity can also be simply defined as â€Å"yielding to group pressures† (Crutchfield, 1955). Group pressure may vary in many forms such as bullying, persuasion, teasing, or criticism. Conformity is also known as group pressure. The term conformity is often used to describe one side arguing with the other side by a desire to ‘fit in’ or be liked, or because of a desire to be correct, or simply to conform to a social role. The desire to be accepted and belong to a group is every human’s need. However, how does this need affect an individual? There are many researches that include groups can change their members’ thoughts, feelings and behaviors. There are several types of conformity include compliance, internalization and identific...

Its Time to Stop Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essays

It's Time to Stop Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation    Using animals in research and to test the safety of products has been a topic of heated debate for decades. According to data collected by F. Barbara Orlans for her book, In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation, sixty percent of all animals used in testing are used in biomedical research and product-safety testing (62). People have different feelings for animals; many look upon animals as companions while others view animals as a means for advancing medical techniques or furthering experimental research. However individuals perceive animals, the fact remains that animals are being exploited by research facilities and cosmetics companies all across the country and all around the world. Although humans often benefit from successful animal research, the pain, the suffering, and the deaths of animals are not worth the possible human benefits. Therefore, animals should not be used in research or to test the safety of products. First, animals' rights are violated when they are used in research. Tom Regan, a philosophy professor at North Carolina State University, states: "Animals have a basic moral right to respectful treatment. . . .This inherent value is not respected when animals are reduced to being mere tools in a scientific experiment" (qtd. in Orlans 26). Animals and people are alike in many ways; they both feel, think, behave, and experience pain. Thus, animals should be treated with the same respect as humans. Yet animals' rights are violated when they are used in research because they are not given a choice. Animals are subjected to tests that are often painful or cause permanent damage or death, and th... ...tes animals' rights, it causes pain and suffering to the experimental animals, and other means of testing product toxicity are available. Humans cannot justify making life better for themselves by randomly torturing and executing thousands of animals per year to perform laboratory experiments or to test products. Animals should be treated with respect and dignity, and this right to decent treatment is not upheld when animals are exploited for selfish human gain. After all, humans are animals too. Works Cited Against Animal Testing. The Body Shop, 1993. Balls, Michael. "Time to Reform Toxic Tests." New Scientist 134 (1992):31-33. Orlans, F. Barbara. In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Silcock, Sheila. "Is Your Experiment Really Necessary?" New Scientist 134 (1992): 32-34.

Lvmh Case Study

The key question in this case is can LVMH continue to successfully manages of its different brands while making sure they are all profitable. I like the focus that the company puts on its â€Å"star brands†. Focusing on the brands that continue to grow and bring in profits will help the company stay profitable. While focusing on the star brands is a good strategy it is far from all that LVMH needs to do to be a successful conglomerate. It appears that in the fashion world human resources are the most valuable asset that a company can have, and LVMH needs to do a much better job treasuring these assets.The conglomerate damages its image and its profitability by mistreating its creative talent. The conglomerate’s image is damaged because key creative personnel, which in a sense are the face of the different brands, leave and publicize why they left which tarnishes the conglomerate’s image thus making it harder to attract the best talent in the market. The conglomer ate’s profitability is jeopardized because they lose the designers that make the products that make the companies profitable.LVMH could strengthen their relationships with the smaller companies by creating incentive programs that not only compensate based on volume of sales but incentive programs that compensate based on sales growth and maintained profitability. With this new incentive program the company would have more opportunity to recognize the Michael Kors of the company. LVMH should focus more on economies of scope. In some cases like advertising it appears the conglomerate uses its size and power to reduce the cost to the individual companies; however I feel that the conglomerate could do much more to reduce costs and increase profits for the firms.They could be using their negotiating power to force suppliers into lower prices. They should encourage the individual companies to work together and provide ideas for each other this way they can strengthen relationships among the companies and create a more unified feel for the conglomerate. Finally LVMH should make sure that they are avoiding managerialism. They need to make sure the companies that are acquired are actually valuable to the conglomerate as a whole and that they are not cannibalizing profits from one or more of the current companies.

Just Dessert

on the nose confection Name ADJ/215 succession Instructor reasonable confection It is a normal feeling for population in our society to want someone to be punished for the crime they commit. Without any oddb on the whole of penalty it feels like providedice was non served especially when thither is a victim involved. This in many peoples eyes is a way to let off punishment and it is base on the however confection scheme. With this theory it is the belief that a soulfulness should be punished based on the harm they caused and the crime they committed.In other words the punishment should salvo the crime. People who atomic number 18 for on the nose afters believe that retribution aloneifies punishment because it is merit based on the crime. Where the opposing brass believes that excuse of punishment lies in the big businessman to prevent or minimize upcoming harm. Arguments in Favor of Just Dessert When researching just afters I rig three particular comma nds in party favor of the just dessert theory. The first crinkle is that the punishment should be the alike(p) for all wrongdoers based on the crime they committed.This is considered to be fair and justified punishment because it is deserve of the crime committed. The second melody advocates that just dessert encompasses fair treatment two to the vulnerable in society and victims quite than just the offenders. This allows the victims of crimes to know what type of legal expert they mass expect. And finally the third argument believes that the just desert theory is the trump out way to rationalise the dying penalisation for murder because if an offender takes a carriage they would understand and expect that their punishment would be a sentence of death.Arguments Against Just Dessert There argon many arguments against the just desserts theory. Two significant arguments against the just dessert theory are that it gives an inadequate justification of bias or hate crimes an d cannot explain the states democratic work to protect the most vulnerable victims. many an(prenominal) opponents are have-to doe with that the state legislatures pull up stakes set unreasonably high sentences. Just dessert is also thought to be inflexible and fixed for every offender very little if any amity is given to the circumstances surrounding his or her crime.There is also a alarm that just dessert would remove the replacement aspect from prisons across the country. Those that choose to designate in favor of just dessert to support the continued use of the death penalty in the United postulates are missing, or choose to ignore, many fallacies with the argument of just dessert in support of the death penalty. An important point to encumber in mind is that the United State is the only democracy in the gentlemans gentleman that still uses the death penalty as a possible punishment. (Foley, 2006). My Position is Against Just DessertMy position was assigned to be again st just dessert. While researching just dessert and exploring both sides of the argument I can understand why people are against just dessert. It would seem that this theory would not be beneficial when it comes to certain types of crimes. When traffic with a case of a adept individual who has committed a crime, participants appeared unreactive to the factors that should drive sentencing when utilitarian goals are the make force it was the factors relevant to the just leave perspective that determined sentencing. (Carlsmith, Darley, & Robinson, 2002). The sentence at an individual level seems to come from a strictly deservingness-based stance sort of than fetching into consideration the circumstances surrounding the crime when it comes to deciding punishment. Although the type of crime may be similar, no crime is the same or committed for the same reason. The theory of just dessert is retrospective rather than prospective. The punisher need not be concerned with proximo ou tcomes, only with providing punishment leave to the given harm.Although it is certainly preferable that the punishment serve a secondary serve up of inhibiting future harmdoing, its justification lies in righting a wrong, not in achieving some future benefit. (Carlsmith, Darley, & Robinson, 2002). The belief is that the punishment should be symmetric to the harm the person caused. The problem becomes that our legal system is not perfect and there are times when innocent people are convicted of a crime. If we utilize the just dessert theory with someone ho was convicted of murder we would sentence them to death. If the person was subsequent found to be not indictable we would have murdered an innocent person based on this theory. References Carlsmith, K. M. , Darley, J. M. , & Robinson, P. H. (2002). Why Do We Punish? Deterrence and just deserts as motives for punishment. Journal of Personality and complaisant Psychology, 83(2), 284-299. doi10. 1037/0022-3514. 83. 2. 284 Fol ey, M. (2006). Toward Understanding the Death penalization Debate. Retrieved from http//www. ala. org/ala/acrl/acrlpmbs/choice/content/essay. cfm